Upper Extremity Injuries in Combat Athletes: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

Combat sports, such as boxing, mixed martial arts (MMA), and wrestling, are incredibly demanding and place significant stress on the athletes' bodies. One area particularly prone to injury is the upper extremities, which include the shoulders, elbows, wrists, and hands. As a specialist at Somers Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Group, I’ve had the privilege of treating numerous combat athletes for these types of injuries. This past weekend, I also had the pleasure of presenting on this topic at the 2024 New York State Athletic Trainers Conference. 

About the Author - Victor Khabie, MD, FAAOS, FACS, is an esteemed orthopaedic surgeon specializing in sports medicine at Somers Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine Group. With a Harvard Medical School degree and training at the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic, he has treated renowned sports teams like the Los Angeles Lakers. Dr. Khabie's expertise includes shoulder and knee arthroscopic surgery, as well as robotic-assisted knee replacement surgery. As Chief of Surgery and Sports Medicine at Northern Westchester Hospital and an Assistant Clinical Professor at NYU, he's committed to advancing orthopaedic care. He also serves as a ringside physician for the New York State Athletic Commission and as a team physician for various athletic departments, showcasing his dedication to surgical excellence and sports medicine. To learn more about improving your orthopedic health, request an appointment with Dr. Khabie today!

Common Upper Extremity Injuries in Combat Athletes

1. Shoulder Injuries

• Rotator Cuff Tears: The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder. Tears can occur due to the repetitive overhead movements and powerful strikes common in combat sports.
• Labral Tears: The labrum is a piece of cartilage that deepens the shoulder socket. It can be torn during dislocations or from repetitive stress, leading to instability and pain.

2. Elbow Injuries

• Tendinitis: Repetitive motions can cause inflammation of the tendons around the elbow, commonly referred to as “tennis elbow” or “golfer's elbow,” though they are prevalent in combat athletes too.
• Ligament Sprains and Tears: The ligaments in the elbow can be overstretched or torn during grappling or when absorbing powerful strikes.

3. Wrist and Hand Injuries

• Fractures: The high-impact nature of punches can lead to fractures in the small bones of the hand and wrist, such as the metacarpals and the scaphoid bone.
• Ligament Injuries: Ligaments in the wrist and hand can be sprained or torn during intense combat activities or falls.

Causes of Upper Extremity Injuries in Combat Athletes

Repetitive Stress: The repetitive motions required in combat sports, such as punching, grappling, and blocking, place significant stress on the upper extremities, leading to overuse injuries.

Acute Trauma: Direct impacts from strikes, falls, or joint locks can cause fractures, dislocations, and ligament injuries.

Improper Technique: Poor form and technique can increase the risk of injury. This is particularly important in activities like punching, where incorrect wrist alignment can lead to fractures.

Treatment Options for Upper Extremity Injuries

At Somers Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Group, we understand that every athlete's journey is unique. We are here to support you every step of the way, from the initial injury to full recovery.

• Rest and Rehabilitation: Initial treatment often involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), followed by a structured rehabilitation program to restore strength and mobility.
• Physical Therapy: Our specialized physical therapy programs help you recover from injuries and prevent future occurrences by strengthening the affected muscles and improving flexibility.
• Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help manage pain and reduce inflammation.
• Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair torn ligaments, tendons, or fractured bones. Post-surgical rehabilitation is crucial for a full recovery.

Preventive Measures for Combat Athletes

• Proper Training Techniques: Ensuring correct technique in all movements and strikes can significantly reduce the risk of injury. Working with a skilled coach or trainer is essential.
• Strength and Conditioning: A well-rounded strength and conditioning program that focuses on the upper extremities can help build resilience and prevent injuries.
• Protective Gear: Using appropriate protective gear, such as hand wraps and gloves, can provide additional support and reduce the risk of fractures and other injuries.
• Adequate Rest: Allowing sufficient rest and recovery time between training sessions and competitions helps prevent overuse injuries.

Upper extremity injuries are common among combat athletes due to the demanding nature of their sport. Understanding the types of injuries, their causes, and appropriate treatment and preventive measures can help athletes maintain their performance and longevity in the sport. If you experience any symptoms of an upper extremity injury, it’s crucial to seek professional medical advice promptly.

At Somers Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Group, our team of experts are committed to providing compassionate and comprehensive care for combat athletes. Our goal is to help you recover swiftly and safely, enabling you to return to your sport stronger than ever - schedule an appointment today!  

Author

Somers Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine Group